Flat File Database vs. Hierarchical Model
Flat File Database
A flat file is a collection of data stored and accessed sequentially. A comma separated values (CSV) sheet in Microsoft Excel is a flat file. There are no application specific formats applied to the data contained within the file and only a comma denotes the end of one field in a record. Each record is written on a line in thefile, allowing all data for a single record to be stored separately from other records.
Hierarchical Model
A hierarchical data model is a data model in which the data is organized into a tree-like structure. The structure allows representing information using parent/child relationships: each parent can have many children but each child only has one parent (also known as a 1:many ratio ). All attributes of a specific record are listed under an entity type.
Flat File Database vs. Network Model
Flat File Database
Flat-file databases store all of the data about an object and related objects in one row and each new record added sequentially. When a record must be located, each record is checked in sequence until the desired record is found, which becomes increasingly slow as the database grows. Data must be duplicated whenever another transaction occurs, such as a new order. Flat files are cheap because they are typically text files, requiring no additional software to create, modify or access these files.
Network Model
The network model is a database model conceived as a flexible way of representing objects and their relationships. Its distinguishing feature is that the schema, viewed as a graph in which object types are nodes and relationship types are arcs, is not restricted to being a hierarchy or lattice.
Flat File Database vs. Relatonal Model
Flat File Database
The flat-file data model is generally used by the old paper-based databases. In this system, data was stored in numerous files. However, the files were not linked, so often, data might be repeated in more than one file. This caused everything to be quite redundant. The original "database," flat-file databases inspired scientists to find a way to link files so that they would not be repetitive.
Relational Model
The Relational Model is a depiction of how each piece of stored information relates to the other stored information. It shows how tables are linked, what type of links are between tables, what keys are used, what information is referenced between tables. It's an essential part of developing a normalised database structure to prevent repeat and redundant data storage.
Flat File Database vs. Object Model
Flat File Database
A flat file database is a database that stores data in a plain text file. Each line of the text file holds one record, with fields separated by delimiters, such as commas or tabs. While it uses a simple structure, a flat file database cannot contain multiple tables like a relational database can. Fortunately, most database programs such as Microsoft Access and FileMaker Pro can import flat file databases and use them in a larger relational database.
Object Model
The Object model databases attempt to bring the database world and the application programming world closer together, in particular by ensuring that the database uses the same type system as the application program. This aims to avoid the overhead (sometimes referred to as the impedance mismatch) of converting information between its representation in the database (for example as rows in tables) and its representation in the application program (typically as objects). At the same time, object databases attempt to introduce the key ideas of object programming, such as encapsulation and polymorphism, into the world of databases.
Flat File Database vs. Multidimentional Model
Flat File Database
The flat (or table) model consists of a single, two-dimensional array of data elements, where all members of a given column are assumed to be similar values, and all members of a row are assumed to be related to one another. For instance, columns for name and password that might be used as a part of a system security database. Each row would have the specific password associated with an individual user. Columns of the table often have a type associated with them, defining them as character data, date or time information, integers, or floating point numbers. This may not strictly qualify as a data model, as defined above.
Multidimentional Model
The multidimensional model is a specialized adaptation of the relational model used to represent data in data warehouses in a way that data can be easily summarized using OLAP queries. In the multidimensional model, a database consists of a single large table of facts that are described using dimensions and measures. A dimension provides the context of a fact (such as who participated, when and where it happened, and its type) and is used in queries to group related facts together. Dimensions tend to be discrete and are often hierarchical; for example, the location might include the building, state, and country. A measure is a quantity describing the fact, such as revenue. It's important that measures can be meaningfully aggregated - for example, the revenue from different locations can be added together.
· Plug in the plug into an outlet.
· Turn on the AVR by clicking its switch on.
· Turn on the CPU by pressing the button.
· Turn on the computer by pressing the button in the monitor.
· Choose an application that you want to use like the MS Word.
· After choosing an application, type or encode the data you want to input into the computer.
· If you are done encoding, save it.
· Then, your file will be saved or placed in the memory and in the hard disk which both of them consist of physical electronic circuits.
· Now, you have transferred your physical data into physical electronic.
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